Saturday 14 June 2014

Felix’s Fact File: Animation Pioneers (2)

Emile Cohl

 
Emile Cohl was born Emile Eugène Jean Louis Courtet in Paris, in 1857. Originally making a name for himself as a caricaturist and writer in the 1880s, he later began work as a writer for the Gaumont Film Company in 1905, and subsequently progressed to directing films.

 
He later began to create animated films, partly due to the influence of the American J. Stuart Blackton, famous for his pioneering work in the field, including the groundbreaking Humorous Phases of Funny Faces (1906).

 
Cohl’s materials were varied, from simple line drawings to puppets. He even created a character of his own, Fantoche, a puppet, and established the very first cartoon series, The Newlyweds and their Baby (1912-1913).

 
His stick figure animation Fantasmagorie (1908), for which he is perhaps most well-known, is widely perceived to be the first complete animated film, containing 700 photographed line drawings. He developed a unique style which saw his drawings change shape and manifest themselves as something unexpected or unusual.

 
Between 1908 and the early 1920s, Cohl produced more then 250 films whilst working for Gaumont and the Éclair Studio, amongst others. These include The Puppet’s Nightmare (1908) and The Museum of Grotesques (1911). Only thirty-seven survive in archives.

 
Unable to keep up with animation trends, he left the film business, returning to France, where he died of pneumonia, in addition to other complications, in 1938.

 

For further info, check out these sources:

 
Find a Grave: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?GRid=7651&page=gr

 
The Bioscope: http://thebioscope.net/2008/02/17/emile-cohl/

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